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Kaiserreich abdication of Wilhelm II
The Kaiserreich〔''Harper's Magazine, Volume 63''. P. 593. The term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people, the term "''Kaiserreich''" literally denotes an empire - particularly a hereditary empire led by a literal emperor, though ''Reich'' has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it has a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was ''Deutsches Reich'' that is properly translated as "German Realm" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state.〕 abdication was issued by Wilhelm II, German Emperor, the last German Emperor (''Kaiser'') and King of Prussia. He ruled the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. Kaiser Wilhelm II issued his abdication statement on 28 November 1918, from exile in Amerongen. Following the abdication statement and German Revolution of 1918–19, the German nobility as a legally defined class was abolished. On promulgation of the Weimar Constitution on 11 August 1919, all Germans were declared equal before the law.〔Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution constitutes: ''Adelsbezeichnungen gelten nur als Teil des Namens und dürfen nicht mehr verliehen werden'' ("Noble names are only recognised as part of the surname and may no longer be granted").〕 Altogether abolished were titles borne exclusively by monarchs; eg, emperor/empress, king/queen, grand duke/grand duchess, etc. There were 22 federal princes of the Kaiserreich (''within Germany''), who lost their titles and domains. Of these princely heads of state, 4 held the title King (König) (the Kings of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Württemberg), 6 held the title Grand Duke (Großherzog), 5 held the title Duke (Herzog), and 7 held the title Prince (i.e. Sovereign Prince, ''Fürst'').
=="Statement of Abdication"==
Wilhelm first settled in Amerongen, where on 28 November he issued a belated statement of abdication from both the Prussian and imperial thrones, thus formally ending the House of Hohenzollern's 400-year rule over Prussia. Accepting the reality that he had lost both of his crowns for good, he gave up his rights to "the throne of Prussia and to the German Imperial throne connected therewith." He also released his soldiers and officials in both Prussia and the empire from their oath of loyalty to him.
*''Statement of Abdication. I herewith renounce for all time claims to the throne of Prussia and to the German Imperial throne connected therewith. At the same time I release all officials of the German Empire and of Prussia, as well as all officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the navy and of the Prussian army, as well as the troops of the federated states of Germany, from the oath of fidelity which they tendered to me as their Emperor, King and Commander-in-Chief. I expect of them that until the re-establishment of order in the German Empire they shall render assistance to those in actual power in Germany, in protecting the German people from the threatening dangers of anarchy, famine, and foreign rule. Proclaimed under our own hand and with the imperial seal attached.'' Amerongen, 28 November 1918. Signed WILLIAM.〔Statement of Abdication (1918). As translated and appearing in the 1923 Source Records of the Great War, Vol. VI, edited by Charles F. Horne.〕
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